Cuarto a Sexto Grado...Sra. Oyola : 08/20/20

Nuevo Dientes De Sable Y El Destino De Los Barburofélidos

Los barburofélidos son un conjunto de carnívoros (Orden Carnivora) del suborden Feliformia, es decir, forman parte de un conjunto de animales que incluye hoy a félidos, hiénidos, mangostas y otras familias menos sonadas como la Eupleridae, Viverridae, Prionodontidae y Nandiinidae. Los primeros barburofélidos fueron descritos a finales de siglo XIX, pero no fueron reconocidos como un grupo independiente hasta 1970.

Oriensmilus liupanensis, un nuevo barburofélido. Fotografía de Wang et al. (2020).

A pesar de su reconocimiento como una rama independiente del árbol de los carnívoros feliformes, el misterio más grande del grupo rondaba a su estatus como familia o subfamilia, dentro o fuera de la familia Felidae. Originalmente, fueron descritos como un tipo de félido macaerodontino (subfamilia Machairodontinae), es decir, se pensaba que eran félidos dientes de sable. Posteriormente, fueron transferidos como subfamilia de Nimravidae, un grupo de carnívoros similares a gatos, pero poco relacionados a éstos. Y en 2004 se les asignó a su propia familia, colocándoles de forma cercana a los félidos.

Filogenia de los carnívoros feliformes. Note la posición filogenética dudosa de los Barbourofelidae.

Ilustraciones de abajo hacia arriba y de izquierda a derecha: Velizar Simeonovski, Helmut Diller, Luisfer96, Mauricio Antón, Satoshi Kawasaki, Ed Stauffacher, Mitchell Beazley, Dmitry Bogdanov, Ed Stauffacher y Satoshi Kawasaki.

Este esquema de clasificación sin embargo, ha dado un giro en este 2020, pues un nuevo estudio sitúa a los barburofélidos DENTRO de la familia Nimravidae, como una subfammilia (Barbourofelinae). Esto, tras la descripción de una nueva especie: Oriensmilus liupanensis, del Mioceno Medio de China. El nombre de esta criatura significa "escalpelo oriental (o de donde surge el sol) de las Montañas Liupan".

Oriensmilus liupanensis, en vista palatal. Note lo completo del basicráneo (región visible a la izquierda). Fotografía de Wang et al. (2020).

Este es el barburofelino (nueva pronunciación debido a su estatus como subfamilia) más primitivo con caja cerebral intacta descubierto hasta la fecha. ¿Y eso qué tiene de raro? Bueno, pues gracias al basicráneo, se pueden inferir mejor las relaciones de parentesco, pues esta estructura no es moldeada tan fácilmente por el ambiente como para producir convergencias que nublen la identidad de su portador, como es el caso con los barburofelinos.

Sistemática de los nimrávidos en relación a otros feliformes, en relación al nuevo Oriensmilus liupanensis (mal escrito como "Orientosmilus"). Modificado de Wang et al. (2020).

Por su posición filogenética, Oriensmilus sugiere que el clado de los barburofelinos Europeos y Americanos tienen un origen asiático, lo cual desde luego había sido sugerido antes, por el origen biogeográfico de Sansanosmilus palmidens y estudios previos, pero es bueno ver que estas ideas van cobrando más fuerza dada la nueva evidencia. Y ahora que los barburofelinos son considerados un tipo de nimrávido, su posición filogenética cambia, pues esta familia es considerada como la más primitiva de entre todos los feliformes. Esperemos que esta nueva posición no cambie posteriormente y los pobres vuelvan a quedar "bailando" en la filogenia.

Oriensmilus liupanensis del artista Velizar Simeonovski.

Fuente:

Wang, X., White, S. C., & Guan, J. (2020). A new genus and species of sabretooth, Oriensmilus liupanensis (Barbourofelinae, Nimravidae, Carnivora), from the middle Miocene of China suggests barbourofelines are nimravids, not felids. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 18(9), 783-803. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2019.1691066

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BurpSuite Introduction & Installation

What is BurpSuite?
Burp Suite is a Java based Web Penetration Testing framework. It has become an industry standard suite of tools used by information security professionals. Burp Suite helps you identify vulnerabilities and verify attack vectors that are affecting web applications. Because of its popularity and breadth as well as depth of features, we have created this useful page as a collection of Burp Suite knowledge and information.

In its simplest form, Burp Suite can be classified as an Interception Proxy. While browsing their target application, a penetration tester can configure their internet browser to route traffic through the Burp Suite proxy server. Burp Suite then acts as a (sort of) Man In The Middle by capturing and analyzing each request to and from the target web application so that they can be analyzed.

Everyone has their favorite security tools, but when it comes to mobile and web applications I've always found myself looking BurpSuite . It always seems to have everything I need and for folks just getting started with web application testing it can be a challenge putting all of the pieces together. I'm just going to go through the installation to paint a good picture of how to get it up quickly.

BurpSuite is freely available with everything you need to get started and when you're ready to cut the leash, the professional version has some handy tools that can make the whole process a little bit easier. I'll also go through how to install FoxyProxy which makes it much easier to change your proxy setup, but we'll get into that a little later.

Requirements and assumptions:

Mozilla Firefox 3.1 or Later Knowledge of Firefox Add-ons and installation The Java Runtime Environment installed

Download BurpSuite from http://portswigger.net/burp/download.htmland make a note of where you save it.

on for Firefox from https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/foxyproxy-standard/

If this is your first time running the JAR file, it may take a minute or two to load, so be patient and wait.

Video for setup and installation.

You need to install compatible version of java , So that you can run BurpSuite.

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BASICS OF METASPLOIT – BASIC COMMANDS OF METASPLOIT

Metasploit is an advanced hacking tool that comes itself with a complete lack of advanced penetration testing tools. Penetration testers and hackers are taking so much advantage of this tool. It's a complete hack pack for a hacker that he can play almost any attack with it. Here I am going to discuss the basics of Metasploit. I am not covering attacks in this article, as I am just making sure to share the basics of Metasploit and basic commands of Metasploit. So, we can get back to cover attacks of Metasploit in the next articles.

BASICS OF METASPLOIT

The Metasploit framework has three types of working environments.

msfconsole
msfcli interface
msfweb interface

However, the most preferred and used is the 'msfconsole'. It's a very efficient command-line interface that has its own set of commands and system's working environment.

First of all, it's most important to know and understand all the useful commands of Metasploit that are going to be used.

BASIC COMMANDS OF METASPLOIT

Metasploit have a huge number of command that we can use in different type of attacks, but I am just going to share the most used and useful commands here that a beginner can easily understand and follow 'em.

help (It will give the basic commands you need to launch an exploit.
search (Finds out the keywords in the selected attack method).
show exploits (Shows list of an available exploit in the selected option).
show payloads (It lists all the payloads available).
show options (It helps you to know all the options if you might have forgotten one).
info (This is used to get information about any exploit or payload).
use (It tells Metasploit to use the exploit with the specified name).
set RHOST (Sets the address of specified remote host).
set RPORT (Sets up a port that connects to on the remote host).
set PAYLOAD (It sets the payload that gives you a shell when a service is exploited).
set LPORT (Sets the port number that the payload will open on the server when an exploit is exploited).
exploit (It actually exploits the service).
rexploit (Reloads your exploit code and then executes the exploit without restarting the console).

These are the most used Metasploit commands which come in handy in most of the situations during any sort of attack. You must give all the commands a try and understand 'em how it works and then move to the next part of designing an attack.

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jueves, 20 de agosto de 2020